XI  B  RARY 

OF  THE 
UNIVERSITY 

or  ILLINOIS 

630.7 
IL6b 

ho.  3"l-4o 


CIRCULATING 


CHECK  FOR  UNBOUND 
0!ROULATING  COPY 


-CIRCULATING 


CHECK  FOR  UNBOUND 

CIRCULATING  COPY 

' 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS. 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station, 

URBANA,  FEBRUARY,  1895. 


BULLETIN  NO.  37. 


CORN  EXPERIMENTS,  1894. 


SUMMARY. 

Experiment  No.  /,  Corn,  Testing  Varieties.  (See  pages  4-16, 
also  bulletins  Nos.  4,  8,  13,  20,  25  and  31.)  This  experiment  shows  im- 
portant differences  in  the  varieties  of  dent  corn,  illustrating  the  need  of 
careful  selection  of  varieties  by  our  farmers.  Those  classed  as  medium 
maturing  varieties  have  usually  given  best  results.  In  six  out  of  seven 
years  the  medium  maturing  varieties  have  given  larger  yields  than  either 
the  early  or  late  varieties.  For  the  seven  years  the  medium  maturing 
varieties  averaged  65.2  bu.  air-dry  shelled  corn  per  acre;  the  late,  58.8 
bu. ;  and  the  early,  55. 5  bu.  The  medium  maturing  varieties  average 
about  as  follows:  Stalks  about  nine  feet  tall,  bearing  ears  at  a  height  of 
rather  more  than  four  feet.  The  yield  is  about  9,500  ears  to  an  acre, 
weighing  one-half  pound  each.  The  height  of  stalks  and  weight  of 
ears  is  less  in  the  early  maturing,  and  greater  for  the  late,  while  the  num- 
ber of  ears  is  less  for  the  late,  and  about  the  same  for  the  early.  An 
average  of  about  83  per  cent,  of  the  kernels  planted  produces  mature 
stalks.  Barrenness  does  not  seem  to  be  a  variety  characteristic.  It  will 
vary  much  with  the  thickness  of  planting  and  nature  of  season,  there 
being  more  barren  stalks  in  an  unfavorable  year,  or  when  planted  thick, 
than  in  a  favorable  year,  or  when  planted  thin.  White  varieties  have 
given  larger  yields  than  the  yellow  ones. 

In  general  these  tests  indicate  that  the  average  farmer  might  largely 
increase  his  yields  of  corn  with  very  little  additional  expense. 

Experiment  No.  j,  Corn,  Time  of  Planting.  (See  pages  16-18, 
also  bulletins  as  above.  )  The  largest  average  yield  is  from  planting 


2  BULLETIN  NO.  37.  \_MarcA, 

from  the  nth  to  i8th  of  May,  with  very  little  less  from  planting  any 
time  from  April  27th  to  May  25th.  Very  early  planting  usually  requires 
more  cultivating  and  not  unfrequently  produces  the  poorest  stand. 

Experiment  No.  4,  Corn,  Depth  of  Planting.  (See  page  18,  also 
bulletins  as  above.)  Planting  one  inch  deep  has  given  better  results 
than  planting  at  any  greater  depth.  Plant  at  no  more  than  sufficient 
depth  to  get  moisture  to  germinate  seed. 

Experiment  No.  j,  Corn,  Thickness  of  Planting.  (See  page 
19,  also  bulletins  as  above.)  When  planting  in  rows  3  ft.  8  in.  apart 
the  largest  yield  of  grain  is  obtained  by  planting  one  kernel  every 
twelve  inches ;  while  the  food  value  of  total  product  has  been  greater 
when  one  kernel  has  been  planted  every  six  inches.  When  planting  in 
checks  3  ft.  8  in.  apart  the  largest  yield  of  grain  is  from  four  kernels  in 
a  hill. 

Experiments  No.  6,  Corn  Planting  in  Hills  or  Drills  ;  No.  8, 
Corn,  Frequency  of  Cultivation;  No.  9,  Corn,  Depth  of  Cultivation; 
and  No.  10,  Corn,  Effect  of  Root  Pruning.  (See  page  19,  also 
bulletins  as  above.)  There  is  no  difference  between  planting  in  hills 
and  drills,  except  that  hills  give  a  chance  for  best  cultivation.  Shallow 
cultivation  has  given  better  results  than  deep,  the  average  yield  for  five 
years  being  5.9  bu.  greater  for  the  shallow  cultivation  than  for  the  deep. 
Root  pruning  has  always  reduced  the  yield.  Very  frequent  cultivation 
has  never  shown  sufficiently  better  results  to  justify  its  practice.  Better 
crops  can  be  produced  without  other  cultivation  than  merely  scraping 
the  surface  to  destroy  weeds  than  by  deep  cultivation. 

Experiment  No.  23,  Rotation,  University  Experiments,  Con- 
tinued. (See  page  19,  also  bulletins  Nos.  8,  13  and  31.)  The  largest 
average  yield  of  corn  has  been  obtained  by  the  liberal  annual  applica- 
tion of  barnyard  manure,  while  much  larger  yields  have  been  secured 
by  rotation  than  by  continuous  cropping,  either  without  any  manure  or 
by  the  use  of  commercial  fertilizers.  Barnyard  manure  has  given  poor- 
est results  in  very  dry  years. 

Experiment  No.  89,  Corn,  Cross-Fertilization.  (See  page  20, 
also  bulletins  Nos.  25  and  31.)  Crossing  varieties  has  usually 
ncreased  the  yield. 

Experiment  No.  134,  Corn,  Effect  of  Removing  Tassels.  (See  pages 
21—23,  a^so  bu^etin  No.  20.)  Removing  tassels  in  1894  increased  the 
yield  13  per  cent.,  while  in  two  former  years  there  was  no  advantage 
found  in  detasseling.  At  other  stations,  the  results  have  most  fre- 
quently been  detrimental.  The  good  results  occurred  when  there  was 
little  rainfall  during  the  period  of  removing  the  tassels. 

Characteristics  of  the  Soil  and  Season. 

The  experiments  were  tried  on  the  dark  colored  fertile  prairie  soil, 
common  to  central  Illinois.  The  surface  soil  is  about  eighteen  inches 


1895.] 


FIELD    EXPERIMENTS    WITH    CORN,    1894. 


deep,  underlaid  with  yellow  clay.  The  land  used  for  the  variety  test 
was  in  oats  in  1893,  and  was  plowed  in  the  spring,  no  fertilizers  being 
applied.  Most  of  the  land  used  in  other  experiments  was  in  corn  in 
1893,  and  was  plowed  in  the  fall,  after  the  stalks  were  removed,  no 
manure  being  applied  except  on  plat  i  of  experiment  No.  23.  In  all 
cases  the  corn  was  planted  by  hand  in  checks  3  feet  8  inches  apart,  and 
covered  with  a  hoe. 

The  season  of  1894,  while  fairly  favorable  to  the  corn  crop  in 
central  Illinois,  was  somewhat  short  in  rainfall.  The  aggregate  rain- 
fall, 1 2.43  inches,  for  the  five  months,  May,  June,  July,  August,  and  Sep- 
tember was  well  distributed  through  these  months. 

The  mean  temperature  for  each  of  the  five  months  was  slightly 
above  the  average  of  the  same  months  for  the  past  six  years.  Different 
parts  of  the  tract  used  for  the  varieties  showed  marked  variation  in  its 
capacity  to  withstand  the  drought,  hence  less  importance  should  be 
attached  to  the  yields  of  different  varieties  this  year  than  to  their  aver- 
age yields  for  a  series  of  years. 

The  table  gives  the  mean  temperature  and  the  rainfall  in  inches 
from  May  to  September,  inclusive,  for  each  year  from  1887  to  1894. 
The  records  for  1887  and  1888  are  those  of  the  Illinois  Weather  Service 
for  central  Illinois.  For  the  remaining  years  the  records  are  those  of 
the  observations  made  at  the  Station. 

TEMPERATURE  AND  RAINFALL  DURING  THE  CORN  SEASON  OF  YE\RS  NAMED. 


Year. 

Mean  temperature,  F. 

May. 

June. 

July 

August. 

Sept. 

Ave. 

1887  

67.90 
59-4° 
59-2° 
58.3° 
58.4° 
57-9° 
57-4° 
59° 

73-6° 
71-3° 
65-5° 
74-6° 
72° 
70.6° 

70.5° 
73-4° 

80.4° 
77° 
72.7° 
73° 

7°°    o 

73.3° 
76.4° 

73-8° 

75.2° 

72-4° 
69.2° 
68.7° 
70.2° 

7i.5° 
71.1° 

72-3° 

66.4° 
62.4° 
61.  3° 
60.5° 
69.2° 

63-9° 
66.5° 

65° 

72.7° 
68  5° 
65.6°' 
67° 
68°* 

67.4" 
68.4° 
68.7° 

1888  

1889  

1890  

1891  

1892  

1893  

1894  

Average,   1889-1894  

58.4° 

71.7° 

73-2° 

70.5° 

64.4° 

67-5° 

Rainfall,    inches. 

Aggre- 
gate. 

1887  

3-84 
6.84 
5-52 
3.56 
.89 
7.86 
4-83 
3-3 

1.62 

5-75 
6.81 
3-8 
2.08 
5.36 
i-55 
t.78 

1.65 
5-34 
5-84 
2.83 
1.41 
2-5 
•  59 
i.  08 

2.56 

3.14 
.6 

1-93 
2.86 

2-43 
.06 
2.06 

T         Afi 

3.68 

1-95 
2.74 
1.19 
•4i 
•  93 
3-62 
4.21 

2    rR 

13-35 
23.02 

21  .51 

13.31 
7.65 
19.08 
10.65 
12.43 

1888  

1889  

1890  

1891  

1892  

1893  

1894  
Averaee    1880  1804 

BULLETIN   NO.   37. 

Experiment  No.  i.      Cornt  Testing   Varieties. 
DIAGRAM  OP  PLATS. 


[March, 


cf/ 

77 

73 

fi9 

6J- 

6' 

/ 

5 

JJ 

49 

4J 

4/ 

37 

33 

£9 

zs- 

&t 

17 

/3 

9 

f 

/ 

an 

73 

7^ 

70 

66 

t 

J9 

<F-f 

J'o 

•46 

4R 

3d 

34 

30 

£6 

ise 

/<} 

/•4 

/o 

6 

e 

83 

79 

7* 

7' 

67 

h 

09 

3~S 

3/ 

47 

•13 

J9 

3f 

•31 

27 

Ki 

/? 

sf 

it 

7 

a 

64 

SO 

7* 

7-e 

eJ 

64 

ISO 

SO 

se 

46 

•44 

40 

36 

3s 

&6 

£4 

80 

SO 

/£ 

8 

^ 

Tests  of  varieties  of  dent  corn  have  been  made  for  eight  consecu- 
tive years  reports  of  which  may  be  found  in  bulletins  Nos.  4,  8,  13,  20, 
25  and  31. 

It  has  been  the  object  from  time  to  time  to  drop  from  the  test  such 
varieties  as  were  clearly  shown  to  be  inferior  to  the  average,  and  con- 
tinue only  those  of  high  merit,  with  which  to  compare  such  new 
varieties  as  might  come  to  notice. 

The  land  used  in  1894  was  'n  oats  'ltl  '^93  anc^  *n  wheat  in  1892. 
Excepting  plats  i,  5,  and  the  east  third  of  9,  which  were  not  plowed  at 
all,  it  was  plowed  about  five  inches  deep  during  April  and  harrowed  and 
smoothed  just  before  planting.  Excepting  plats  77,  78  and  79  the  corn 
was  planted  May  9th  and  loth.  The  three  excepted  plats  were  planted 
a  few  dsys  later.  It  was  planted  by  hand,  four  kernels  a  hill  (excepting 
plats  8 1  and  83,  which  had  only  three  kernels  a  hill,  and  which  are  left 
out  of  the  following  tables),  in  checks  3  ft.  8  in.  apart  and  covered  from 
one  to  two  inches  deep  with  a  hoe. 

There  were  84  plats,  as  shown  in  the  diagram,  each  one-fortieth  of 
an  acre,  2  rods  or  9  hills  square.  They  were  so  planted  that  corn  grew 
on  every  side,  there  being  extra  rows  on  the  border. 

May  1 7th  to  July  2d,  the  corn  was  cultivated  four  times  with  sur- 
face cultivators,  the  first  three  times  with  the  Superior,  and  the  fourth 
time  with  the  Tower.  The  diagonal  line  running  across  plats  57,  61, 
62,  63  and  68  is  the  approximate  location  of  a  tile  drain,  and  is  the 
lowest  part  of  the  tract  used.  The  land  on  both  the  east  and  west 
sloping  toward  it.  The  fact  that  the  most  of  the  large  yields  were 
made  in  the  vicinity  of  this  drain,  and  that  the  same  varietie's  planted 
here  yielded  more  than  twice  as  much  as  when  planted  near  the  east 
end  of  the  tract,  indicates  that  this  part  withstood  the  drought  very  much 
the  best. 

The  chinch  bugs  from  an  adjacent  wheat  field  attacked  the  corn 
soon  after  the  wheat  was  harvested,  but  by  diligent  work  in  construct- 
ing barricades  of  finely  pulverized  earth,  over  which  they  were  usually 
unable  to  pass,  and  by  the  liberal  use  of  coal  tar,  which  is  very  obnox- 
ious to  them,  their  depredations  were  confined  to  the  first  row  of  plats 
on  the  north,  where  by  the  free  use  of  kerosene  emulsion  they  were 
destroyed  by  the  million.  The  north  row  of  plats  was  injured  to  the 


18950 


FIELD    EXPERIMENTS    WITH    CORN,     1894. 


extent  of  about  25  per  cent.  The  results  from  these  plats  are  published 
in  the  lower  part  of  the  tables,  but  are  not  to  be  compared  with  those 
of  the  uninjured  plats.  . 

The  number  of  barren  stalks,  one-eared  and  two-eared  stalks,  was 
ascertained  for  the  middle  third  of  each  plat,  and  the  average  height  to 
butt  of  ear  and  tip  of  tassel  for  each  plat.  Observations  were  made  on 
the  time  of  ripening.  October  i5th  to  November  5th,  the  plats  were 
husked  by  thirds,  and  the  weight  and  number  of  ears  ascertained  for 
each  third.  The  middle  third  was  at  once  shelled  and  the  number  and 
weight  of  both  good  ears  and  nubbins,  and  the  weight  of  both  shelled 
corn  and  cobs  ascertained.  A  pint  jar  of  shelled  corn  from  each  plat 
was  sent  to  the  laboratory  for  determination  of  water.  Eleven  per  cent. 
is  taken  as  the  average  water  content  of  air-dry  corn. 

DUPLICATE  PLATS. 

While  the  attempt  has  always  been  to  have  uniform  soil  and  like 
treatment  throughout,  the  differences  in  yield  of  plats  planted  with  the 
same  variety  have  always  been  considerable.  This  year  there  were  four 
plats  of  Burr's  white  and  five  of  Boone  County  white  that  were  in  the 
part  not  affected  by  the  chinch  bugs. 

In  case  of  each  variety  the  smallest  yield  was  less  than  one-half  that 
of  the  largest.  This  is  a  greater  variation  than  is  usually  found  in  the 
same  variety,  and  it  is  believed  to  be  chiefly  due  to  the  nature  of  the 
season  and  the  variation  in  the  capacity  of  the  soil  to  retain  moisture. 
Had  the  season  been  wet  instead  of  dry,  it  is  believed  that  the  plats  that 
gave  the  largest  yields  would  have  given  the  smallest.  This  is  a  strik- 
ing illustration  of  how  little  may  be  the  value  of  a  single  year's  results. 

When  the  variation  of  yield  of  different  varieties  does  not  exceed 
that  of  different  plats  of  the  same  variety  the  results  are  inconclusive. 
A  greater  variation  may  properly  be  attributed,  in  part  at  least,  to  the 
variety.  If  single  plats  are  used,  it  is  only  after  varieties  have  been 
tested  for  a  series  of  years  that  we  can  conclude  which  are  the  most 
prolific;  but  other  things  can  be  ascertained  in  a  single  year,  such  as  time 
of  maturity,  size,  ratio  of  ears  to  stalks,  ratio  of  shelled  corn  to  cobs, 
and  the  general  characteristics  of  st~.L-  :.""*  ear.  If  several  plats,  widely 
distributed  over  the  tract,  are  used  for  each  variety  ana  the  average 
yields  ascertained,  these  form  a  better  basis  for  a  comparison  of  the 
varieties  in  respect  to  yield;  for  in  this  way  the  effect  of  differences  in 
the  conditions  of  the  test  is  much  diminished. 

YIELD  PER  ACRE  FROM  DUPLICATE  PLATS,  BU. 


Variety. 

a 

b 

c 

d 

e 

Average. 

Boone  Co    white  

43  .Q 

78  7 

q8   4 

86  6 

64 

74.7 

Burr's  white  

38.5 

78.2 

90.2 

71.8 

69.7 

BULLETIN    NO.    37. 


[  March, 


MIXTURES. 

Two  plats  were  planted,  each  with  equal  parts  of  two  varieties  of 
corn,  and  two  with  equal  parts  of  four  varieties.  One  of  the  first  two 
was  among  those  injured  by  chinch  bugs,  so  account  is  taken  only  of 
the  other  three.  The  accompanying  table  gives  the  per  cent,  of  barren 
stalks,  number  of  ears  and  bushels  per  acre  for  each  variety  planted 
separately,  and  their  average  as  compared  with  the  result  of  the  mixture. 
In  every  case  the  mixtures  gave  very  much  the  larger  yields,  but  this  is 
believed  to  be  due  chiefly  to  their  more  favorable  location.  In  1893,  in 
four  out  of  five  cases,  the  yields  were  larger  for  the  mixtures,  while  in 
1892,  in  four  out  of  five  they  were  smaller. 

RESULTS  OF  MIXTURES,  1894. 


Plat  No. 

Name  of  Variety. 

Tl 
o> 
>i 

£         0 
(B    •-!    CD 

5?  8  5 
tn  M  • 

cr 
» 
•i 

Yield  per  acre. 

No.  of 
ears. 

Bu. 
air-dry 
corn 

16 
M 

54 

Champion  white  pearl   

13 
15 

14 
16 

8440 
7000 

5i 
34 

First  premium  

Average  

7700 
9400 

42.5 

77-8 

Mixture  

Av.  4  plats 

"    5      " 
8 

2 

55 

Burr's  white  

M 

7 

2 

5 
7 
15 

IOIOO 

9824 

5800 
8940 

69.7 

74-3 
41.8 

57-7 

Boone  county  white  ...    •  

Dunlap's  white  

Dillon's  white  

Average  

8666 
10080 

60.9 
90-3 

Mixture  

22 

23 
30 
32 

70 

Clark's  Onarga  

iQ 
6 

9 
5 
10 
19 

9080 
9920 
9200 
10080 

44.2 

54-3 
60.2 
66.9 

Edmonds  

Champion  yellow  dent  

Reid's  yellow  dent  

Average  

9570 
10840 

56.4 
74-3 

Mixture.  

CLASSIFICATION  OF  VARIETIES. 

The  table  on  page  7  gives  a  classification  of  the  varieties  tested 
this  year,  and  the  yield  of  air-dry  corn  for  each  variety,  together  with 
the  average  for  its  class.  It  is  based  upon  the  time  of  ripening,  color, 
and  smoothness  or  roughness  of  the  outer  end  of  the  kernels.  Varieties 
maturing  before  Sept.  I2th  are  classed  as  early;  those  maturing  Sept. 
1 2th  to  3oth,  as  medium;  and  those  maturing  Oct.  ist,  or  later,  as  late. 

The  varieties  that  are  very  near  the  dividing  lines,  as  to  time  of 
maturity  and  smoothness  or  roughness,  are  subject  from  year  to  year  to 
change  from  one  class  to  another. 

RESULTS. 

The  number  of  plats  in  each  of  the  three  classes,  early,  medium,  and 
late,  and  the  results  for  each  class  for  each  of  seven  years,  are  shown  in 
the  table  on  page  8.  In  each  of  the  years  1888  to  1892,  inclusive,  and 


FIELD    EXPERIMENTS    WITH    CORN,    1894. 

SYNOPSIS  OF  VARIETIES,   1894.  Yields. 

|   Cuban  queen 72.7  ) 

I   Waterloo  extra  early..          ..64.9   ! 
Smooth.,!    Minnesota  king * JJJ   ^60.3 

Huron 64. 3 

f  Yellow. 

f  Edmonds 54.3 

j   Learning 67.6   , 

Rough,  .-j   Pride  0fColumbia 4g\9      61.* 

itar  y. . .  <j  ^  Edmonds-Murdock  cross 73.0  J 

(  Smooth.  {   Van's  early {•64.6 

White..  ] 

(  T?    ,~v,      ^   White  (no  name) 62.7  )  ,, 

^  Rough.,  j   Davis  ^proved. 69.6  I66'1 

f  Arleus 43.6  } 

Fisk's  yellow 45.2 

Clark's  Onarga 44.2 

Learning 62.  i 

Yellow  (no  name) 37.0 

Star 53.2 

Ried's  yellow  dent 66.9 

Legal  tender 57.0 

Smooth.  •(   John  Cloud 75.2   ^60.9 

Yantis. . .    85.4 

Sterling 72.6 

Learning-Edmonds  cross 60 

Golden  beauty-Learning  cross-72. 7 
rv  ,,  Learning-golden  beauty  cross.. 87.0 

Early  mastodon 68.3 

Queen  of  the  prairie 46.7 

The  Conqueror 58. 3  j 

Steward's  improved . .  .,32.5  ~\ 

Riley's  favorite 62.8   I 

i   Champion  yellow  dent 60.2   f  54-  3 

^  Mortgage  lifter 61.8  j 

(Smooth.]  Calico...  91.5   {    6  r 

Corn....     Medium.*!  Mixed..] 

^  Rough.  .  -{    Edmonds-Burr's  white  cross. .  }-49-5 

f  White  (no  name) 57.7 

Boone  Co.  white  (av.  5  plats). 74.3 

Burr's  white  (av.  4  plats) 69.7 

Forsy th's  white 51.2 

First  premium 34.0   \, 

Mills  Co.  white 37-2   ' 

Champion  white  pearl 51.0 

Charles  Cloud 90.2 

Whi,  Waggoner 88.9 

t  White  (no  name) 69  o 

f  White  beauty 55.4  \ 

j   Dunlap's  white 41.8   i    - 

|   J.  J.  Freeland 77-°   f 

L  Champ. w. p. -cranberry  cross.  .51.7  J 

{Helms  improved 44.3  | 
Hickory  king-Helms  imp.cross.  79. 3  >  56 . 8 
White  (no  name) 46.8   J 

^        TTUllG..-. 

Rough..  \   Burr's  white-cranberry  cross.  }-47-o 


BULLETIN    NO.    37. 


[March, 


Per  cent,  water  in  corn  as 
husked. 

cooo  N      vooooo       in  *  N       co  C7i  co      vo  in  co      ix  *  N 

00     O    M 

M   N   «         M   N   N          M   M   N        iT*"**         WNW         «  N   CO 

Loss  per  acre  in  drying,  bu. 

«  *    tx  H>  ix    ixtx         '::     «oo  o-i    MVOVO 

txO\  tx 

tx  w  oo       co  cooo       cnincji             •    •       txixtx      in  txvo 

mvo  tx 

ja"                  Total  air-dry. 

VOCOM      vo  *m      vo       vo       MM*      oo       w       txm 

M  00     CO 

m  01  co      m  in  co       in  w  vo      vovotx       N  oo  o        OMVO 

N  CO  * 
VD  vo  m 

<U 

g              Total,  as  husked. 

VO        VO          CO  m  N         cotxVO          «   01  C*             OOM        OOMVO 

00   IX 

£SS     ESS,    %££   %>$$    vgJQSg     S?S!g 

tx  O  N 
VD  IXVO 

01                From  nubbins. 

T3 

IONOOOO                UIM            

2       As  husked  per  bu.  air-dry. 

CO*HQO        VOMM          -rfrO                    OOOO          H-^O   Ci               O\CO 
COOO*  IX         O    w    O           O*    fOOO           N    1THO          fx'O    O\         -f  ^CO 

VO   N 
tx  txOO 

HI 

J              As  husked  per  bu. 

NTJ-^J-      MVO          -NN«       cnro^       M  -*           rhtx          ixtx 

rxoo  ^      voo^w      voixtx     voqir-N.     OOOOM       wcotx 

yD'Ot*-       vO"Otx       vOyDO        VO^O'O        \OvOIx       t^-.rsr's 

00    Ol   M 

VO  VD   tx 

100  average  ears. 
.0 

r^      NCOCO 

roGO  O        ^nfN        -^J-Ooo        OOOCi       Hir'l^       O^rico       12u-i5 

•o                   100  nubbins. 

Qfl 

'Z 

O\  M         invO 

ff&8 

£ 

100  good  ears. 

CO  M        \O  >O   CO 

\n\D  vi 

O^-rn       VDNM         ir>MO         OiOO   w         cO^O  w       00  »rt  Oi 
VO  tx  O>        -^  txOO         *O>O  VO         "*  iOVO         «T)^O  00         ^  in  rt- 

Total  number  ears  per  acre. 

»ncooO         OOu">        Tj-Mfx       N         ro        NOO^n      VOtxO        "OO1* 

Number  nubbins  per  acre. 

co  M  >n       o  m  o       0  0\<0      oo        Q       M  en  •*      oo  «  O 

Tf1^-1^-       tOCOrl-         MTJ-Q        OO          O        OO   fN.'O          Tf  ^-0 
O>  IX  tx        CO  u")QO        VO   txOO          O          ^*-       "O^J-O          T*-»T)O 

enmrx 

2O    ON  lO 

Number  good  ears  per  acre. 

rN.Nco       omm       Tt-«M        TJ-       N       NGOM      co»no 
»D  TJ-  W        mvo  Q         cONVO         •*        M         NrhO         Ncom 

Hs5 

rxvo  tx 

Circum.  3  specimen  cobs, 
in. 

rx      «       TS-  ^  co      txoo  corxo\o^vnc^            

co-t^-       coro^-       cococo       co  co  en       co  co  ^         ;     ;     -         ;     -    ; 

Circum.  3  specimen  ears, 
<u                          in. 

on 

co    «,     w^-c,     ^VON     NVOM     MO         :  :  :      :  :  : 

VDIXIX        VOVOtX        VOVOVO         VOVOVO         VOVOtx 

<u        Length  3  specimen  ears, 
>                          in. 

CO       Ix       *HIVD        MCO*VO        m       tx  *oo 

Height  butt  of  ear,  feet. 

mine*      oowtx      mmw        *Nco       fxco*       covo  co 

oo  ro  t^ 

*mvo       N**      co*m      co**       co*u->      coco*      cicoco 

Height  stalks,  feet. 

OOmN         O^O^Ol         MVOHI        oo   tx*O          M  OO   N         CO  IX               M    tx 

OlMN        VOOOO1       OOdO        VD   txOO        CO  OO   O         fN  txOO 

tx  txOO 

Of  barren  stalks. 

33MCO         MM''          ONCO        ON*       OOO^O          NCOO 

-MM 

Of  full  stand. 

M 

coixm      *ooo       oicooi     vovo*      MNO       *NOO 

00  00  OO        00  OO   tx        f^GO   tx       OOOOCO        OOOOOO          ClO*C7l 

00  OOOO 

&,         Kernels  germinating  in      1                                                      "?                         :   :   : 

GolA                                       *O  *       o  oo  m       MVO  M       ixao  tx       M  tx  in        •    >    • 

I1G1U.                                      |          OO  OO   tx        IXVO  VD        OOOOOO        OOOOOO          CT\OO  OO            .     .     • 

Kernels  germinating  in 
apparatus. 

VO   IX  O          CO  IXVD        VO*CO           .1.        VOO1CO       VD  "^^ 

Cl  O1M 

«f  sl.3  :  «  p;.2  :  a>  J,.H  :  £  ^.2  :  <f  £5  ':  <z  ^.H  :  \ 

"S  fT  co  H?^  m  *  N  "o   2"  N  °°  0  2?  H?*°  'S^Svo'ClO  **N  ( 

>              >              >              >              >              >              i 

ii  early  
48  medium  
4  late  

1895.] 


FIELD    EXPERIMENTS    WITH    CORN,     1894. 


.0 

b 

M 

8 

M 

i 

Av.  ears. 

O   M  m  M  oo   t^ 
Tf  Tf  m  m  m  m 

1 

•g 

•S 

^ 

mvo   Tfvo  oo  f^  Tf  M  ON  moo  m  mvo  f~  O  m  co  M   Tf  Tf 
co  co  co  co  co  co  Tf  in  pi  vo  in  in  in  in  in  in  Tf  co  in  co  Tf 

Nubbins. 

M      M      PI     M     ON    O 

PI  PI  pi  pi  M  m 

ONPiOMMt^Mmmmt^moOM  t~»oo  mvo  m  ON 

Good  ears. 

f»VO  OO    PI    t-x  PI 

Tf  Tf  mvo  vo  vo 

PIVO  inMvo  ONTf^w  t^TfmmcoO  N  moo  m  Tf  t-~ 
mTfmmTfTfmm  Tfvo  vo  vo  vo  vo  f~vo  in  m  t^  TJ-  m 

No.  ears  per  acre. 

Total. 

O    O    O    O    O    O 
O    Tf  O    O  O    O 
00    PI    O  OO    t-^00 

ooooooooooooooooooooo 

OO    PI    Tf  TfOO    O  VO    TfOO  VO  VO     Tf  Tf  VO  OO  OO    PI  VO  00    PI    PI 

O  M  pi  oo  oo  PI  ONOO  vo  M  mvo  oo  covo  o  t>»  c~.oo  m  m 

ON  ON  ON  O    tvoO 

1 

.8 

HI 

Nubbins. 

m  ON  PI  M  mm 
ON  O  OO  VO    mvO 
O   ON  M  moo   M 

OTfOvOmOt^-OoOMONONOTfO   ONVO    t^  "1  O    O 
O  vo  co  co  t-^  f^oo  co  Tf  f^  M  ONOO  covo  PS    M  oo  o  m  m. 

Plants 

Good  ears. 

m  M  oo  ON  t^  m 

O   co  M    co  O   co 
t-.  COOO    PI    ONVO 

Tf  Tf  cooo   l^  t^  ON  O  00    PI    covo  vovo    MOO    t^ONOvOvO 
O    TfONTfM    TfO   inM    Tf  Tfvo   ON  ON  O  t^  moo  OO   ON  ON 

vo  vo  vo   1s*  in  t^ 

Tf  m  co  Tf  co  mvo   Tf  mvo  vo  t^vo  vo  mvo  r^-  co  covo  co 

Plat  No. 

03 
ON  O    O    PI    co  Tf 
f^OO  00  00  OO  00 

M  M  pi  pi  pi  mcoTfTfTfin  mvo  vo  vo  ^  t^oo 

o 
o 

M 

Av.  ears. 

m  M    O   m  ONVO    O   t->  Tf  oo    N  00    M    PI    O>  Tfvo  VO    M    f^oo    ON  rf  Tf  TfoO    O  OO    PI 
m  in  Tf  Tf  m  mvo  vo  t~»  mvo  vo   Tf  Tf  Tf  Tf  vo  vo  Tf  Tf  covo  m  Tf  m  m  m  m  m 

Nubbins. 

CO    M      COVO      Tf    O    OO      M 

mom  f--vo  vo  t^ONinpi  mpi   Tfpi  mMvo  MVO   Ovo 

Good  ears. 

Tf   C^    ON    M      M      MQOVO 

vo  m  Tf  in  c^  vo  vo  t^ 

Tfooo  mpioo  COCOM  mONPi  O  coo  mTfpi  o  mm 
oo  t-^vo  t"x  in  Tf  in  in  c^  t^  mvo  vo  oo  r^  mvo  t^.  Tf  Tfvo 

o5 

o 
rt 

b 

U 

O. 
en 
rt 

OJ 
O 

Z 

Total. 

OOOOOOOO 
NOOPIOOVOOTf 
ON  PI   PI   t^vo    co  o  vo 

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 
Tfpi    OOOVOVOOO    PIOO    PIVOOOVO    O    Tf  VO  00    Tf  PI    TfOO 

o  t^Tfo  U~)M  inM  o  mONO  coooo  r^-ooo  t^oo  PI 

M   o    ON  O   ON  O 

O    0 

OMONOOOMPIOOMMOOPIMOOPIPIOOONMO 

Nubbins. 

ON  O    PI    M   co  in 
co  m  M   co  PI   ON 
O  m  co  m  m  PI 

si? 

r^Tfint^TfM   NOO   ON  ONOO   N   l^*  Tf  Tf  Tfoo   ON  Tf  o   m 
O  moo   Tf  Tf  PI  t^  m  M  PI  inoo   O  Ovo  r~O  Ovo   Tfpi 

m  PI  co  pi  M   M 

PI  PI 

pipii-iMpipiMpipipimcompipicocopiPipim 

Good  ears. 

M  o  oo  ON  c-~  m 

oo  moo  oo  mvo 
oo  vo  oo  m  M  o 

MVO   PI   MVOOO   TfO   COM   c^pivo   coTfmco  ONOO   M   o   O  m 
3NOO  vo   r-»  -i-  O   M   in  in  cooo   PI   t-»  moo   m  ON  M   ON  Tf  oo    Tf  Tf 

oo  r-.  moo  oo  ON 

fxOO 

t-~oo   t^oo  vo  oo   O   moo   ON  moo  vo  t^oo   ONOO  vo   t-»oo   t^ 

M 

Plat  No. 

O   Pi-  co  Tf  vo    C^OO    O 

M   PI   Tf  mvo  oo   ON  O   PI   co  Tfvo  t-~oo   O   M  PI   Tf  mvo  oo 

xi 

i 

8 

M 

Av.  ears. 

M      M    VO    OO      M     t^ 

ON  t 

Tf  pi  mvo   Tfoo  mvo  COMOO  M  N  coTfO  mo  O  PIVO 

Nubbins. 

r^oo  vo  o  co  co 

S3 

Tfmcoinpi   ONcomt^M   moo   ONCOCOPI   o   O   Mt~-m 

Good  ears. 

co  mvo   ON  ONOO 
invo  m  Tf  mvo 

%V 

TfrnTfinminmininvovo  mmvo   Tfmvo  mtxvo  m 

f 

a 

•  n 

N 
b 

0 

o' 
Z 

Total. 

O    O    O    O    O    O 

Tf  00       Tf    Tf  00      O 

ON  O  vo    PI    PI  00 

ooooooooooooooooooooooo 

PI       TfO      O      TfTfPlOO      OOO      PIOO      TfOO    VO      OVOOO      TfPIVO      PI      Tf 

t^oSpi  O  O   TfONTfo   o  ONOO   Tfpimpi   COOPICOON  mvo 

oo  oo  oo  ON  o  m  f^oo 

O   r-OO  00    t^vD  00    ON  ONOO  OOOOOOONOOOOvOO"iO 

Nubbins. 

Tf  OO  vo  VO  vo  vo 

OO      M 

ovooo  O  t^Tfmo  Tfm  cooo  M  vo  oo  co  co  ONOO   o  M 

OO    M    ON  Tf  pi  oo 

HI   m  PI  moo   M   in  co  t~-vo  vo   O  oo   PI  oo   Tf  M   ONVO   Tf  moo  vo 

M      m   PI      CO    CO    M 

CO  PI 

PIPIPINCOP|MPIP»MPIPIMP|COMNPIMPIPI 

Good  ears. 

vo   PI   Tf  Tf  Tf  ^  pi   ONO    Tf  N   o   covo  mOvO  m  f»  Pi  ON  T|-  pt  t^t^M   pi   o   ON 
O   m  ON  O   O   f~.vo  vOPiinomt^comOMVooopiOin  t^oo   "   PI   Tf  o   O 
M  ON  vo  oo  O  ON  in  m  ON  Tf  pi  m  m  M  PI   Tf  co  oo  m  o  c^  t^  M  o  vo  oo   Tf  t^  o 

tx  Tf  m  m  t^-  co 

Tfvo  t»-  Tf  mvo  Tf  Tf  vo  vo  c^  r-~  mvo  vo  vo  t^oo  t^  t^  mvo  oo 

Plat  No. 

PI    co  Tfvo   f~oO 

0     H 

M      H 

pi    Tf  mvo  oo   ON  O   PI   co  Tfvo  f^oo   O   M   N   Tf  invo  oo   ON 

MMMMMMPIPIPIPIplplPICOCOCOCOCOCOmm 

IO 


BULLETIN    NO.    37. 


[March, 


IN 

DC 

Ears. 

N  00    M           t^O>          N  VO    N    m  •«-  l^  f»  t^VO    t^.t-.NMO>NMt^         M 

roforomN  N  m  ro  N  m  N  N  ci  N  CON  ro  mmmromfON  m  PO  •*• 

Stalks. 

^oo-tx^oooti^ti^oootioo^^ti^^ti^^tioo- 

Per  cent,  of  bar- 
ren stalks. 

10  vo  PO  t^  ^"  o)  vo   O  f*o  10  oo   PO  M  ci   o  CT>  vo  Oi  O  "^  M  ^  m  >ooo   *^*  O\ 

MM                                MM              M              MMNNM                        MMPI                                         MN 

Per  cent,  of   full 
stand  of  stalks. 

O>  moo  N  oo  t>.  co  ^  doo  vo  M  movooooo  M  romo\Mvo  M  M  mo 
r-»  t^  t-»  o>oo  -^-co  oo  vo  t-«oo  oo  vo  vo  r^oo  t^oo  oo  ovoo  oo  oo  oo  oo  oo  tx 

Percent,  germinat'g 
in  Geneva  apparatus. 

3CIOOOOMOOO    -<t-OO  30OVONVOOOO      -OOOOOOOVOVOVOO-^- 

MM                                          M                                          M        •                       M 

0 

T3 
V 

'53 
u 

O 

TJ 
V 
V 

"0  :  :                     *                -a      '  •  :         • 

:    ^  :  \      :    <~  -^         •  •  •  :        •  : 

_i,£  &  ^fe  ffi  P  i-Atf  Mi,S  HAU  J  W  ffi  £  H  £,5  aj  ,-^^^2  CQ  5 

~v 

'a 

*0 

<o 

1 

«  .      •  «           .-«••:       g     S      .     >. 

e-S6                •<u'Srg        •               rt^a"? 

o  H    '^  S           •    3  S4    §     :          o     *    1    s 

i--l§i«:i-"l|ii  ifo^^s  ij^gigl 

•tJ  6  ••"  °  .-  "Q  "«   M  *•'"  tn—   §S^i!"£p^   4^^  u'  rt  ^  ^  ^  **  S) 

Plat. 

N   ro  1-vO   C^OO   O   M   N    'J-  uivo  OO   O>  O   N   (O  ^-vO   t^-oo   O   M   w   •*•  mvo 
MMMMMMMMC4NNNdWNfOCOPOrOfOPO 

1895-] 


FIELD    EXPERIMENTS    WITH    CORN,     1894. 


II 


w  PO  rf 

m  01 

d   P*" 

POPOPO*- 

POPOPOTT 

PO  •*•  re 

10  COIN  ro 

m  •«-  m 

m  T|-  N 

HI    N    CO 

PO  N 

PO  PO 

00  VO 

10    M 

c\  ••*• 

M    N    HI    M 

vo  «o  PO 

•*•  1000 

Cx  tx  N 

\o  t^oo 

VO      t^    tN 

N   rr>  M 

00     HI 

PO  M 

tx  vo  r^oo  !"•• 

VO  OO  00  00    G*00  00    vTtOO  OO 

^oo  C**  o  oo  vo  oo  c^  d  t**  c*^«  ^  t^ 

M 

VO    t^.00 

^^ 

00  00 

00    N  VO 
M     HI 

twt-^ 

M 

M 

vo   m  ror>. 

M      M      M 

N 

O>  P<  OO    N 
HI     N     M 

PO            M 

H     t^ 
M 

o  o 

N     HI 

N  CC   VO 

doo 

co  O 

C^OO 

o  «r>o  vo 

O^oo  oo  oo 

•«-VO    0>    N 

O\  ^  CTv  CTi 

t^-O  OO 

c^  doo 

1-  ^-  >O  O> 

CT>  O>  O*  O* 

M     1O   O 

H   00     O 
M             HI 

•*  04    M 

O  OO  00 

VO    m  w 
«XOO  CO 

PO  ID 

O*00 

t^  N 

O\00 

8^8 

M             M 

%% 

rl-  O 
CM  O 

HI 

OO  OO  00    N 
OO  OO    O>  CT> 

§PO  •<»•  O 
CTiOO    O 

M                        M 

O    ft    O 

O    CTi  O 

OO    O  O    O 
00    O   C\  O 

00  OO  OO    O    O    O 

CTIOO  a\  o  o  01 

IN    O    O 
00    0    0 

O      • 

o    • 

O  00 

o  oo 

. 

:   :    «f  aT  j>  TJ  8  S  - 

"cio 


a  a 


43  ja 
HO 


60        o 


a 

6JD 
'rt 

a. 
S- 

rt 

6 


•       H   w     •     . 

O  '2        43   fl    a 

M  2    -  o  ac  > 

'  ' 


^<  a 


.  o            •    •    -.0    •    • 

o 

c  _ 

a 

T3 

•0 

0 

o 

O 

o 
O 

PO 

fTv 

00  -     -     - 

oo  "- 

00 

M 

"     rt 

9 

1 

> 

a  | 

a 

I 

!  I 

1 

1"    =    » 

__ 

e 

"a  H 

1  5  :  S  J8  «  -|  *  $-|  :  .g 

00  ..->,>%  00  -     .>* 

00 

"PQ          •2o.S3CQ«w^1 

o  ?;  «  ,"-•  .t:  2  "     5 

.          §£Qh|tfh      M 

£         5  -|  as       S 

0 

2 

t    8lifi« 

I--         •       'M^^^H          fe 

^*                a>  >  ^*            S 

^ 

•  5~  ~  /^\»^j   '^3>o 

'"'M  *    •  '5  E    -  - 

o.-    „         G  "*  o.-    ,     e 

JJ*.     .     -      C    fl    Jj  -     -      C 

y* 

•   g         °  ^  ffi  g  -3  E 

H  H^J  ?  5  45,^     O 

W                     H^P  W               nS, 

W 

as       w  H^H-^2  P  ni 

:  :§g 
*  P   •  t* 

8  :  :  : 

°  •  •  i 

^  a 

P  o 

o  £  Q.  i-c 

o  M  <2 

60  .^ 

•*»  a)    §  J3 

s  °  s  : 

a  — 

rt 

il 

T 

1 

1  1  i  I  s 

1  •  S  -J  1 

?  B  1  8  •  !; 

43  £   £   « 

S  =  E  >, 

6""    3 
rt 

rt  <u 

<D  J2 

^   0   c 
^  <U    c 

c 

) 

i-s'I 

a'c3  a 

S 

T3 

"o  f 

S 

% 
.- 

a  c 

v  "  03  .S    .  o  .-£ 

"^43  ^"« 

i 

— 
a 

0° 

.v  v 

& 

c 

UF 

'  O  •- 

U"J 

i 

i 

§C 

U  M 

(i)  * 

i 

.  n 

i 

w 
H 

E 

'43     1    "^    ?    §  •* 
<0  '2    0    2"  4)  ." 

tn    Ji     1     g-2 

^  "°  y  o  a. 

a  P  .3  JJ  v. 

a.2§ 

rt 

"c 
a 
a 

c 

8^  ij 

-4: 
3 

e  cou 

rt  2  x^ 


mm 


12 


BULLETIN    NO.    37. 


[March, 


Ears. 


N    N    M     •<!-  O\          M    N  O 


Stalks. 


Per  cent,  of  bar- 
ren stalks. 


Per  cent,  of  full 
stand  of  stalks. 


Per  cent,  germinat'g 
in  Geneva  apparatus. 


ed 


Plat. 


c*-.  *o  r**     rovo  co  10  o\  r> 
vo  c^  r^  oo  oo  co  c^t^o  m\o 


Tf  t^VO    NOOVOONVO'O'^-Tl-MN 

MMMM  M(q  MM  MM 


a  a    ••-;    •—    •    -rj^H---    aao 
^eort'i—  (    •  s        •  ao^w 

- 


ll  :-  ia^ 
J  1  a  |  ^  1  J 

^  111  .3  ft" 


W  , 


O 

o 
"C 

0 

u 

CD 

1 

•  B 

a) 

J3 

> 

.^ 

^ 
_rt  o 

.r 

^ 

in 
%- 

I*  Q) 

1  .- 

cr 

°~a 

^ 

'"'a  i 

5 

pn  ^ 

n— 

\ 

2  rt 

W     IN 

a  a 

5  3  *? 

I    ^ 

, 

)  ^.E 

4- 

J- 

M  'c 

«j     O     C 

.2  -2 

8  8  5 

"o  i 

0  -g 

1895-]  FIEI,D    EXPERIMENTS    WITH    CORN,     1894. 

VARIETY  TESTS,  YIELD,   1894. 


IS 
?T 

Name  of  Variety. 

Per  cent.  water  in  shelled 
corn  as  husked. 

r 

cr 

•S 
p   n 
• 

g-8 

G      HI 

Sc  a 

g» 

Q*  p 

•-! 
0 

o 

3 

Lb.  ear  corn  per  bushel 
as  shelled. 

r 
p- 

t-r  >" 
B* 

If 

^,  ** 

£  « 

5'CL 

S-o 

^3 
P 
yr 
n 

Bu.    shelled 
corn    per    acre. 

> 

M 
M 

cr 
a 

«T 
a 

> 
1-1' 
Pi 

^3 

r 

o 
a 

o) 

5' 

a 
•I 
•< 

5" 

op 

2 

3 
4 
6 

7 
8 

10 

ii 

12 

J4 
15 
16 
18 
J9 

20 
22 
23 

24 
26 

27 
28 

30 
3i 
32 
34 
35 
36 
38 
39 
40 
42 
43 
44 
46 

47 
48 

50 
5i 
52 
54 
55 
56 
58 
59 
60 
62 
63 
64 
66 
67 
68 

White  corn  (no  name)  

20.26 
26.93 
16.57 

2O.2 
23.l8 

20.95 

18.71 
20.47 
15.78 
22.12 
17.85 
l8.77 
21.25 
18.67 
22.82 
19.07 

18.35 
18.51 

20.53 

26  59 
24.9 
22.18 
18.7 

1995 
18.46 
22.23 
17.86 
18.1 
20.73 

20.33 
16.86 
18.25 
15-36 
18.62 

17-63 
18.46 
21.19 
22.27 
17-93 
1833 
18.64 
17.87 
23.78 
22.15 
17.19 
18.19 
24.06 
18.52 
20.18 
1681 
20.33 

4590 
4090 
3980 
3500 
5250 
3330 

3020 

3980 
4510 
2930 
2810 
3880 
3460 

2460 

3590 
3300 

4220 

4580 
4920 
3380 

4460 

4920 

4610 
5060 

5460 

5200 
4180 

4910 
5930 
6540 

5210 

3690 
4820 
5750 
5840 

6030 
7160 

7400 
6830 
5810 
6850 
3510 
4740 

6140 
3610 

7310 
7570 
3650 
5670 
4320 

6940 

7i-3 
75  9 
67-3 
71-5 
72.3 
70.9 
71.8 
69.4 
66 

75-5 
69.8 
69.4 
70.1 
69.1 
68.8 
67.9 
71.2 
67  5 
70 
75-3 
70.8 

7i-5 
68.2 
68.1 
68.8 
70 
67.6 
66.9 
70 
68  i 

67 
68 

65  9 
68.3 
69.1 
70.2 

70-3 

72.7 
68.9 
68.5 

69-3 
68.9 
66.9 
67.7 

65 
68.3 
71.6 
67.4 
69.6 

67-3 
71.8 

79-5 
92.4 
71.8 

79-7 
83.8 
79-8 
78.5 
77-7 
69.8 
86.3 

75-5 
76 

79-4 
75-6 
79-5 
74-7 
77-7 
73-8 
78.4 
9i  3 
83-9 
81.8 

74-6 
75.6 
75-1 
80.  i 

73-3 

72.7 
78.8 
76.6 
71.8 

74 
69.2 

74-7 
74-7 
76.6 

79-4 
83.2 

74-7 
74  7 
75-8 
74-7 
78.1 

77-4 
69.8 

74-3 
839 
73-7 
77-7 
72 
80.2 

64.4 

53-9 
59  i 
49 
72.6 

47 
42.1 

57-3 
68.3 
38.8 
4°-3 
55-9 
49-3 
356 
52.1 
48.6 
59-2 
67.8 
7°-3 
44  9 
63 
68.8 
67.6 
74-4 
79-3 
74-3 
61.8 

73-4 
84  6 
96 
77-7 
54-3 
73-2 
84.2 
84-5 
85.9 
101.8 
101.8 
99-2 
84.8 
98.8 
50.9 

70.9 
90.7 
55-6 
107 
105.7 

54-i 
81.4 
64.2 
96.7 

57-7 
44-3 
55  4 
43  9 
62.7 
41.8 
38.5 
5L2 
64.6 
34 
37  2 
5i 
43-6 
32.5 
45  2 
44-2 
54-3 
62.1 
62  8 

37 
53  2 
60.2 
61.8 
66.9 
72.7 
64.9 

57 
67.6 
75.2 
85.4 
72.6 

499 
69.6 

77 
78.2 
78.7 
90.2 
88.9 
9i.5 
77-8 
90.3 
47 
60.7 

79-3 
5i-7 
98.4 
90.2 
49-5 
73 
60 
86.6 

6-7 
9.6 

3-7 
5-i 
9-9 

5-2 

3-6 
6.1 

3-7 
4.8 

3i 
4-9 

5-7 
3i 
6-9 
4-4 
4-9 
5-7 
7-5 
7-9 
9-8 
8.6 
5.8 
7-5 
6.6 

94 
4.8 

5-8 

94 
10.6 

5-i 
4-4 
3-6 

7.2 

6-3 
7.2 
ii.  6 
12.9 
7-7 
7 
8.5 

3.9 

IO.2 
II.4 

3-9 

8.6 

15-5 
4.6 

8-4 
42 

10.  I 

Helms  improved   

White  beauty       .               

Boone  Co.  white  

White  corn  (no  name)  

Dunlap's  white  

Burr's  white  

Forsy  th's  white  

Van's  early  

First  premium  

Mills  Co.  white  

Champion  white  pearl   

Arleus  

Steward's  improved  

Fisk's  yellow  

Hdmonds  ....        

Learning  

Riley  '  s  favorite  •  

Yellow  corn  (no  name)  

Star  

Champion  yellow  dent       

Mortgage  lifter  

Reid's  yellow  dent  

Cuban  queen  

Waterloo  extra  early   

Legal  tender  ,          .... 

Learning  

John  Cloud   ... 

Yantis  

Sterling  

Pride  of  Columbia  

Davis  improved....        .    . 

J.  J.  Freeland  

Burr's  white  

Boone  Co.  white  

Charles  Cloud  

Waggoner  

Calico  

Mixture  (a)  

Mixture  (3)        

Burr's  white-cranberry  cross  

Learning-Burr's  white  cross  

Hickory  king-Helms  improved  cross. 
Champion  w.  pearl-cranberry  cross. 
Boone  Co.  white  

Burr's  white  

Kdmonds—  Burr's  white  cross   

Edmonds-Murdock  cross   

Learning  Edmonds  cross 

Boone  Co.  white  

BULLETIN    NO.    37. 


\_March, 


VARIETY  TESTS,  YIELD,   1894. — Continued. 


^ 

0> 

r 

cr 

r 

cr 

cr 

Bu.  shelled 

80 
0) 

T) 

0) 

cr  p 

corn   per   acre. 

y  ti 

P  n 

en    n 

w  ^ 

CO 

cr  cr 

t- 

••d 

g  i 

crS 

cro 

CD    C 

^ 

o 

sT 

Name  of   Variety. 

cr  a 

|3 

l§ 

en 
en 

£ 

en    S' 

w  o 

Ct    U) 

CL  cr 

2  en 

CL  p 
i-t 

S-* 

•1 

"I     O 

D* 

CL 
•-I 

3 

•      0> 

0 

p 

'    3 

5 

ST 

1-1 

o 

p 

GTQ 

CL 

D 

3 

n> 

70    'WTivtiirA  (d\       .  .                

21.83 

5880 

69  6 

7Q  2 

84   S 

74  3 

IO  2 

71 

Golden  beauty-Learning  cross  

20.08 

5820 

6Q.4 

77.  3 

80  q 

72  7 

8.2 

Learning—  golden  beauty  cross          . 

20  08 

6500 

67  i 

74  7 

Q6  Q 

87 

Q  Q 

74 

Early  mastodon   

19-  S6 

SI4O 

68 

7S  2 

7S  6 

68  3 

7.  a 

7S 

Minnesota  king  .        

iS-88 

2Q3O 

7o  3 

74  4 

3Q  4 

2.1 

76 

Huron             

IS  7Q 

4S4O 

66  8 

7O  6 

67  Q 

64   3 

3  6 

78 

White  corn  (no  name)  

2O.  OI 

55OO 

71-7 

79.7 

76  7 

69 

7-7 

7Q 

Queen  of  the  prairie  

22.22 

39IO 

7?.  3 

83.8 

5^  4 

46.7 

6.7 

So 

White  corn  (no  name)  

20.69 

376s 

71  7 

80  S 

52.  S 

46.8 

S-7 

8oa 

The  conqueror  

22    SI 

477O 

8l  9 

66  8 

s8.3 

8.5 

8? 

Burr's  white  

17   2Q 

S48o 

7O  Q 

76  3 

77  3 

71.8 

5-S 

84 

Boone  Co.  white  

19  27 

5020 

71.2 

78.5 

70.5 

64 

6-5 

Plats  below  injured  by  chinch  bugs. 


I 

Boone  Co.  white  

20.31 

2880 

67.0 

75.8 

42.4 

38 

4.4 

5 

Burr's  white  

20.  01 

3300 

70.7 

78.6 

46.7 

42 

4.7 

q 

Iowa  king  

20.8-5 

2820 

76 

85.4 

37.  i 

33 

4.1 

T3 

Short  stalk  

19.09 

3160 

7° 

77 

45.1 

41.1 

4 

17 

Golden  beauty  

22   S 

2620 

72.1 

82.9 

36.3 

31.6 

4-7 

21 

Clark's  Iroquois   

22  08 

34SO 

68  i 

77  8 

so  6 

44-  3 

6.3 

25 

California  yellow  

18.18 

398O 

66.8 

72.7 

59.6 

54-8 

1  « 

2Q 

B.  O.  E.  Ensilage  

18.46 

347O 

70 

76  4 

49.6 

45-4 

4.2 

33 

Yellow  corn  (no  name)  ... 

I4.l8 

25OO 

63.7 

66.1 

39-3 

37.9 

1.4 

37 

Crowder  

24.51 

4660 

68.2 

80.4 

68.4 

58 

10.4 

41 

Champion  white  pearl  

18.39 

4370 

6q  4 

75-6 

63 

57.9 

5.1 

45 

4Q 

Champion  white  pearl  (smooth)  
Storm     .                   ... 

17.62 
l8  Q7 

5300 
C4IO 

68.3 
70  i 

73-7 

77 

77-6 
77.2 

71.9 
70.3 

5-7 
6-9 

S3 

White  corn  (no  name)  

IQ  O4 

4640 

67.0 

74.7 

68.3 

62.1 

6  ? 

57 

Boone  Co.  white         

1  8  OQ 

38^0 

68.3 

74.2 

56.1 

51.6 

4-5 

61 

Burr's  white         

18  9 

4^6O 

7O.4 

77-  3 

61.9 

56.4 

5-5 

6S 

Murdock-Burr's  white  cross  

20  19 

44IO 

68.4 

76.3 

64.5 

57-8 

6.7 

60 

Mixture  (c)  

18.77 

287O 

71.8 

78.7 

4° 

36.5 

3-5 

73 

Mastodon  

18.66 

3O2O 

69.1 

75-6 

43.7 

4° 

3  7 

77 

Murdock  -'  

20.79 

394° 

72.9 

81.9 

54 

48.1 

59 

in  1894,  there  has  been  an  average  of  from  four-fifths  to  seven-eighths  of 
a  full  stand,  reckoning  four  stalks  in  each  hill  as  a  full  stand.  In  1893, 
however,  the  stand  was  more  nearly  perfect,  it  being  over  93  per  cent. 
The  better  stand  was  due  to  the  fact  that  the  corn  was  planted  thicker 
than  usual,  and  afterwards  thinned  to  four  plants  a  hill. 

For  1888,  1890,  1891,  1892,  and  1894  the  per  cent,  of  barren  stalks 
was  comparatively  uniform,  averaging  about  eleven;  while  in  1889  it 
dropped  to  about  1.5  per  cent.,  and  in  1893  went  up  to  22,  23,  and  50 
per  cent,  for  the  three  classes,  early,  medium,  and  late,  respectively. 
Only  one  variety  was  classed  as  late,  and  it  has  made  some  very  good 


1895-] 


FIELD    EXPERIMENTS    WITH    CORN,    1894. 


yields  in  former  years.  The  noticeable  barrenness  in  1893,  was  prob- 
ably due,  chiefly,  to  the  severe  drought  and  the  fact  that  the  corn  was 
planted  thicker  than  formerly. 

Though  varying  much  from  year  to  year,  owing  to  the  nature  of 
the  season,  in  general  the  height  of  both  stalks  and  ears  increased  with 
lateness  of  maturity,  as  did  also  the  length  and  circumference  of  ears. 

In  four  out  of  the  seven  years  the  weight  of  100  average  ears  has 
been  greatest  for  the  late  maturing,  and  for  the  other  three  greatest  for 
the  medium.  In  general,  the  number  of  ears  per  acre  has  decreased  with 
the  lateness  of  maturing.  The  pounds  of  ear  corn,  as  weighed  when 
husked,  which  must  be  taken  to  make  a  bushel  of  air-dry  shelled  corn, 
invariably  increase  with  the  lateness  of  maturity.  This  is  due  largely  to 
the  fact  that  the  per  cent,  of  water  is  greater  in  the  late  maturing  vari- 
eties when  husked. 

YIELD  OF  AIR-DRY  CORN  OF  VARIETIES  TESTED  FOR  YEARS  NAMED. 


Eight  varieties  tested  in         1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

1893 

1894 

Av. 

Learning  29.6 

86  6 

80.6 

69.4 

67.  3 

70.  i 

34    6 

62  i 

62    5 

Burr's  white   30 

85  9 

75.7 

67.7 

67  .7 

64.  2 

38  6 

60   7 

62  4 

Champion  white  pearl  20.2 

7° 

94.8 

74.9 

76.5 

65 

37.  3 

51 

6l    2 

Riley's  favorite  30.8 

81.8 

66.1 

53-3 

56.1 

74.  1 

38  i 

62  8 

57   Q 

Legal  tender  25.8 

84.2 

68.9 

60 

56.8 

60.  3 

33.8 

57 

55    8 

Steward's  improved  32  .  4 

91  .2 

68.7 

54    7 

58    4 

74    4 

33 

32    5 

55    7 

Murdock.  ...          33  3 

80.3 

65 

61.6 

59  8 

57  .6 

35   7 

48       I 

55    2 

Edmonds  "  27  .  7 

83.7 

66.3 

55-9 

58.6 

58.4 

28.3 

54-3 

54-1 

Eleven  varieties  tested  in 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

1893 

1894 

Av. 

Learning.  . 

86.6 

80.6 

69.4 

67.3 

70.  I 

34.6 

62  i 

67    2 

Burr's  white                                

8s  0 

yc   7 

67.7 

67   7 

64    2 

38  6 

60    7 

67        I 

Champion  white  pearl  

70 

94.8 

74.9 

76.5 

65 

37  -  3 

51 

67        I 

Riley's  favorite  

83.7 

66.3 

55  9 

58.6 

74.  1 

38.1 

62  8 

62  8 

Clark's  Iroquois  

68.5 

81.9 

59 

65.4 

72.9 

30.7 

44  •  3 

60    4 

Legal  tender  

84.2 

68.7 

60 

56.8 

60.  3 

33.8 

57 

60    I 

Helms  improved  

84.8 

IO2  .6 

51  .  i 

39 

79  .2 

16 

44  .  3 

50   6 

Steward's  improved  

91  .2 

68.7 

54  7 

58.4 

74  .4 

33 

32.  5 

50 

Murdock  

80.3 

65 

61.6 

59.8 

57.6 

35-7 

48.1 

58    3 

Fisk's  yellow   

76  6 

79.  $ 

61.7 

57.4 

61.1 

19.  5 

45  .2 

57    3 

Edmonds  

81.1 

66.1 

53-3 

56.1 

58.4 

28.3 

54-3 

56.8 

Thirteen  varieties  tested  i 

a 

1890 

1891 

1892 

1893 

1894 

Av. 

Boone  county  white 

74.6 

89.3 

85    5 

33.8 

74    3 

71.  5 

Burr's  white   .    .        .    . 

67.7 

67   7 

64.2 

38  6 

6q.7 

61   6 

Champion  white  pearl  

74.9 

76.5 

65 

37.3 

51 

60.9 

Learning  

69.4 

67.3 

70.  1 

34-6 

62.1 

60.7 

Riley'  s  favorite  

55-9 

58.6 

74.1 

38.1 

62.8 

57  .9 

Clark's  Iroquois  

59 

65.4 

72.9 

30.7 

44  •  3 

54.  5 

Legal  tender  

60 

56.8 

60.3 

33-8 

57 

53.6 

Murdock  

61.6 

59-8 

57  -6 

35.7 

48.1 

52  .6 

Golden  beauty  

53 

75-8 

63.1 

36.4 

31.6 

52 

Steward's  improved  

54-7 

58.4 

74  .4 

33 

J 
32.5 

50.6 

Edmonds  

53.  3 

56.1 

58.4 

28.3 

Ma 

50  i 

Fisk's  yellow      , 

61  .7 

57.4 

60.  i 

IQ.  $ 

452 

48  8 

Helms  improved         

' 
51.1 

39 

79-2 

16 

44-3 

45-9 

16  BULLETIN  NO.    37.  [March, 

Each  year,  excepting  1892,  the  medium  maturing  varieties  have 
made  the  largest  average  yields,  the  average  of  air-dry  shelled  corn  for 
the  seven  years  being  as  follows:  Medium,  65.2  bu. ;  late,  58.8  bu.;  and 
early,  55.5  bu.  per  acre. 

The  following  table  gives  the  yield  for  each  of  eight  varieties  for 
eight  years,  of  eleven  for  seven  years,  and  of  thirteen  for  five  years, 
arranged  in  the  order  of  the  average  yields.  Of  these  varieties,  Boone 
Co.  white,  champion  white  pearl,  Burr's  white,  and  Helms  improved, 
are  white;  the  others  are  yellow.  Murdock  and  Edmonds  are  early 
maturing,  Helms  improved,  late,  and  the  others,  medium.  The  average 
yield  of  the  eleven  varieties  for  seven  years  is  61.4  bu.  per  acre.  Other 
varieties  of  considerable  merit,  that  have  been  tested  for  four  or  more 
years,  are  Dunlap's  white,  Clark's  Onarga,  and  California  yellow. 

It  should  be  noticed  that  the  average  yield  of  Boone  Co.  white  for 
five  years  is  almost  ten  bushels  more  than  for  the  next  best  variety 
tested  during  the  same  years. 

A  comparison  of  the  white  and  yellow  varieties  for  1894  shows  an 
average  yield  of  63.2  bu.  an  acre  for  the  white  and  60  bu.  for  the  yel- 
low. The  average  yield  per  acre  for  seven  years  is  61.8  bu.  for  the 
white,  and  60.3  bu.  for  the  yellow. 

Experiment  No  j>,   Corn,   Time  of  Planting. 

Experiments  to  test  the  effect  of  time  of  planting  on  yield  and 
growth  have  been  conducted  for  the  past  seven  years.  The  land  used 
in  1894  was  in  corn  during  1893,  in  clover  during  1892,  and  in  oats  dur- 
ing 1891,  The  stalks  were  removed  and  the  land  plowed  during  the 
fall  of  1893.  Each  planting  consisted  of  four  plats,  each  4  rods  or  9 
hills  square,  and  each  plat  was  planted  with  a  different  number  of 
kernels  in  a  hill,  the  numbers  being  2,  3,  4,  and  5  kernels  per  hill.  The 
first  four  plats  were  planted  April  26th,  and  four  plats  were  planted 
each  week  thereafter  till  June  22d,  there  being  36  plats  in  all.  The 
ground  for  each  four  plats  was  disked,  smoothed  and  marked  just 
before  planting.  The  variety  of  corn  used  was  Burr's  white,  and  it 
was  planted  by  hand  in  checks  3  feet  8  inches  apart.  Plantings  i,  2, 
and  6  were  cultivated  five  times;  3,  4,  7,  and  8,  four  times;  and  5  and  9, 
three  times.  The  cultivation  was  done  with  surface  cultivators,  and  the 
remaining  weeds  removed  with  a  hoe.  Beginning  June  i5th,  the 
height  of  each  plant  of  two  rows  running  across  the  nine  plantings  was 
measured  each  week  during  its  growth.  The  average  weekly  height 
in  inches  to  tip  of  tassel  and  upstretched  leaf  for  each  planting  is  given 
in  the  table. 

The  east  third  of  each  plat  was  used  in  a  feeding  experiment  before 
it  came  to  full  maturity.  The  remaining  two-thirds  were  husked  in  the 
usual  way,  the  number  of  ears  and  weight  being  ascertained  for  each 


FIELD    EXPERIMENTS    WITH    CORN,    1894. 


third.  The  middle  third  of  each  plat  was  shelled  and  a  sample  of  the 
shelled  corn  sent  to  the  laboratory  for  determination  of  moisture. 

The  largest  yield  of  air-dry  corn  is  from  planting  May  nth,  with 
nearly  as  good  results  from  planting  May  4th,  i8th,  and  25th.  Taking 
the  average  of  six  years,  the  largest  yield  is  from  planting  May  nth  to 
i8th,  with  but  little  decrease  in  yield  from  planting  any  time  from 
April  27th  to  May  25th.  Corn  planted  May  25th  matured  in  118  days. 
This  is  less  time  than  required  by  either  earlier  or  later  planting.  This, 
together  with  the  fact  that  the  first  three  plantings  reached  their  max- 
imum height  about  the  same  time,  shows  the  more  rapid  growth  of 
corn  planted  later  in  the  season,  when  the  ground  is  warm,  over  that 
planted  earlier,  when  the  ground  is  cold. 

By  very  early  planting,  if  a  good  stand  is  secured  and  the  corn 
kept  equally  free  from  weeds,  we  may  expect  as  large  yields  as  from 
later  planting.  But  for  this  locality  the  extra  labor  required  to  remove 
the  weeds  and  the  risk  of  a  poor  stand  will  not  justify  planting  earlier 
than  about  May  ist. 

AVERAGE  HEIGHTS  TAKEN  WEEKLY  IN  INCHES  TO  TIP  OF  TASSEL  AND  LEAF,  1894. 


Date  of 
plant- 
ing. 

Apr.  26 
May  4- 
May  ii 
May  18- 
May  25 
June  i 
June  8 
June  15 
June  22 


une 

JL 

iy 

Aug. 

Sep 

O 

:t. 

15 

23 

29 

6 

13 

20 

27 

3 

10 

17 

24 

31 

14 

21 

28 

5 

12 

Leaf 

26 

60 

86 

90 

8H 

92 

92 

91 

Leaf 

28 

S6 

6q 

83 

80 

88 

Tassel 

87 

8q 

8-7 

Leaf 

13 

29 

43 

57 

70 

§a 

95 

96 

93 

92 

f>\ 

K5 

93 

93 

93 

93 

92 

Leaf 

3s 

67 

80 

96 

98 

97 

96 

Tassel  . 

68 

80 

98 

98 

97 

97 

97 

97 

Leaf  

10 

21 

34 

is 

61 

75 

85 

97 

98 

08 

08 

97 

95 

95 

Tassel  

60 

74 

92 

95 

06 

06 

06 

95 

95 

06 

Leaf  
Tassel  

6 

9 

16 

25 

35 

47 

56 

55 

7i 
61 

8  1 
•76 

87 

87 

89 
91 

90 
93 

9i 
92 

9i 
92 

89 
93 

87 
93 

Leaf  

7 

13 

23 

31 

42 

51 

66 

•76 

8-7 

92 

93 

93 

92 

93 

93 

80 

Tassel  

fir 

68 

81 

93 

95 

95 

95 

9i 

95 

9> 

Leaf  

5 

17 

24 

31 

72 

86 

95 

97 

06 

06 

8r> 

Tassel  

44 

6r 

81 

94 

08 

08 

IOO 

99 

o-i 

Leaf 

2 

8 

12 

16 

21 

30 

37 

5° 

6] 

•76 

R1 

84 

81 

82 

8r> 

Tassel  

45 

72 

85 

86 

86 

86 

83 

RESULTS  WITH  CORN  FROM  PLANTING  AT  DIFFERENT  DATES,   iSS8-i8g|. 


Bu.  air-dry  corn  per  arre. 


1888 

1889 

1890 

1891. 

1892. 

i89J 

1894 

Av. 

April  22—26  

52 

si 

58 

54 

April  27  —  May  4     

80 

41 

67 

5° 

72 

60 

62 

May  4  —  1  1  

87 

51 

71 

48 

7° 

47 

61 

62 

"  n  —  18  

86 

56 

75 

5° 

63 

48 

60 

63 

''  IQ  —  2=5  . 

87 

50 

71 

52 

66 

40 

61 

61 

1  '  26  —  June  i  

83 

55 

74 

34 

59 

37 

40 

e.  15 

June  i  —  8  

Si 

5° 

61 

37 

68 

34 

42 

53 

"  8—15  

5° 

5° 

60 

19 

49 

38 

21 

41 

"  17  22  

30 

22 

12 

21 

i8 


BULLETIN    NO.    37. 


[March, 


RESULTS  WITH  CORN  FROM  PLANTING  AT  DIFFERENT  RATES  AND  DATES. 


* 

H3 

r 

cr 

cr 

r 

cr 

Bu.  shelled  corn  per 

CD 

S 

acre. 

P 

1 

2L 

o  ^ 

0    0 
*1    CD 

CD 
P 

CD 

H.  P 

P    P 

-1 

•-I  »-t 

2 

CD" 

o 

T5 

cr 

n 

cr  ° 

09 

go 

ci  M 

r1 

sT 

l-h 

1 

CD 

P 

O 

cr 

CD    ju 

C    1-1 

£-  D 

jf  0 

*<    0 
to" 

En 

> 

(ji 

H 

o 

P" 

0. 

2. 

H 

CD 

cr  1-1 

CL^ 

CD"  3 

erg 

en 
D- 

q- 

a 

P 

•n 

*» 

CD 

c  -. 

en    p 

1-1 

(D 

ST"  *•* 

a 

Cu 

M 

CD 

P 

X" 

P 

Qj  ^ 

fD 

Sji 

i"S 

crq 

"1 

S,  cr 

0 

•~i 

Cn 

•      (_„ 

a, 

. 

„. 

•cr 

•    <L 

CD 

O* 

CTi 

Ji» 

^* 

CD* 

P 
01 

p5 

5^ 

^ 

5 

Oct.     15 

19.  6 

4980 

70  4 

77-9 

70.7 

63  9 

68 

3  ^ 

Apr.  26 

4 
3 

Sept.    ii 

"      16 
"      15 

17-51 
18.79 

4335 
4560 

68  7 
70  5 

74-  * 
77.2 

63  i 
64.7 

585 
59 

4.6 

5-7 

4J 

2 

15 

19  82 

3945 

70  8 

78.6 

55  7 

50.2 

5  5 

5] 

5 

"      16 

22.08 

5760 

71.4 

81.6 

80.6 

70  6 

10 

6 
7 

May    4 

4 
3 

Sept.    14 

"      16 
"      16 

21-5 

21.22 

4740 
4725 

72.2 
72 

8-1.8 
81.3 

65  7 
65.7 

57  9 

7.8 
76 

S  J 

2 

"       16 

21.29 

4290 

72-3 

81.7 

59-3 

52-5 

6.8 

9l 

5 

"       19 

2094 

4995 

71  4 

80.3 

70 

62.2 

7.8 

«!• 

May  ii 

4 
3 

Sept.    17 

19 
19 

20.74 
21  07 

5235 
4995 

71-4 
71.9 

80.2 
81 

73  3 
69  5 

653 
61.6 

8 
79 

12  J 

2 

19 

18.93 

4305 

71-5 

78.5 

60  2 

54-9 

5  3 

13  "] 

5 

19 

24  06 

5130 

73  7 

86.3 

69.6           59.4 

10.2 

15^ 

May  1  8 

4 
3 

Sept.   20 

11      19 
19 

23.26 

22  97 

5250 
5385 

72-5 

859 
83  8 

70.9 

74  2 

61.1 

64.2 

98 
10 

16  J 

2 

19 

22.97 

4710 

718 

82.9 

656 

se.8 

8.8 

17  1 

18 
19  f 

May  25 

5 
4 
3 

Sept.   20 

Nov.    12 

"        12 
"         12 

21.71 
19.16 

1991 

4800 
4980 
4800 

69.7 
69.7 
71.1 

79  .2 
767 
79  .1 

68.9 
67.5 

60.6 
64.9 

60  7 

8-3 
6  6 
6.8 

20  j 

2 

"        12 

19.04 

4455 

70.2 

77-2 

63  4 

57-7 

5-7 

21  1 

5 

"        12 

25.98 

4095 

75-7 

91 

54.1 

45 

9.1 

23^ 

June    i 

4 
3 

Oct.  2 

"        12 
"         12 

23.61 

25.79 

3825 
3435 

74.8 

864 
89  8 

51-6 
45  9 

44-3 
38.3 

7-3 
7.6 

24  J 

2 

"         12 

24.07 

2670 

73-4 

86.1 

36.4 

31 

5-4 

25 

5 

Dec.      3 

2385 

3315 

75  .2 

878 

44.1 

37  7 

6.4 

26  ! 
27  f 

June    8 

4 
3 

Oct.  2 

3 

3 

21.71 
22.35 

4230 
3585 

71.2 
73-6 

8! 

84.4 

59  4 
48.7 

52  2 

42.5 

7.2 

6.2 

28  J 

2 

3 

21.09 

2850 

73  i 

82.5 

39 

34-5 

4-5 

29  } 

5 

3 

30  55 

2115 

82.6 

I05-9 

25.6 

20 

5-6 

30 

21   f 

June  15 

4 
3 

not    ripe 

'    .    3 
3 

3057 
31.78 

2775 
1935 

79-4 
84.6 

101.8 
Ho-4 

34  9 
22.9 

27-3 
175 

7.6 

54 

32  J 

2 

3 

26.82 

1770 

80.6 

98 

22 

18.1 

3-9 

331 

5 

3 

37-4 

1635 

87-3 

124 

I8.7 

13.2 

5-5 

35  f 

June  22 

4 
3 

not    ripe 

3 
3 

33  77 

1185 
1530 

89.2 
93-9 

121.  1 
126.2 

13  3 
16.3 

9.8 

12.  I 

3.5 
4  2 

.36  j 

2 

3 

32.96 

1335 

86.1 

Ir4-3 

J5,5. 

ii  7 

38 

Experiment  No.  4,    Corn,  Depth  $j  Planting. 

This  experiment  was  not  conducted  in  1894,  the  previous  five  years' 
work  being  thought  sufficient  to  demonstrate  that  shallow  planting 
gives  best  results,  so  long  as  the  depth  is  sufficient  to  afford  moisture  to 
germinate  the  seed. 

The  table  in  bulletin  No.  31,  giving  results  for  five  years,  shows 
that  the  average  number  of  ears  per  acre  uniformly  decreases  from  the 
shallowest  to  the  deepest  planting,  and  that  in  general,  the  bushels  per 
acre  also  decreases. 


1895-]  FIELD    EXPERIMENTS    WITH    CORN,    1894.  IO, 

Experiment  No.  5,  Corn,  Thickness  of  Planting. 

In  1894  the  same  plats  used  for  the  time  planting  were  made  to 
serve  also  as  a  test  for  the  thickness  of  planting.  Each  of  the  nine 
plantings  had  four  plats  planted  with  the  varying  amounts  of  2,  3,  4,  and 
5  kernels  a  hill.  Out  of  the  nine  cases  four  plats  gave  the  largest  yield 
for  five  kernels,  four  for  four  kernels,  and  one  for  three  kernels. 

The  average  yield  per  acre  of  air-dry  shelled  corn  was  as  follows: 
2  kernels,  40.8  bu.;  3  kernels,  46  bu. ;  4  kernels,  49  bu.  ;  5  kernels, 
48.1  bu. 

In  another  field  there  were  planted  four  plats  of  each  of  three  varie- 
ties, twelve  plats  in  all,  six  being  planted  with  three  kernels  a  hill,  and 
six  with  four.  The  average  yield  was  44.6  bu.  for  three  kernels  and 
50.5  bushels  for  four.  In  all  cases  the  hills  were  in  checks  3  ft.  8  inches 
apart.  This  shows,  as  in  former  years,  that  there  is  less  danger  of  get- 
ting too  many  plants  than  of  getting  too  few.  Two  reasons  perhaps 
why  farmers  do  not  get  so  large  yields  from  thicker  planting  are,  first, 
because  many  of  the  nubbins  are  not  husked  at  all,  and  second,  because 
the  yields  are  usually  determined  by  measurement  rather  than  by  weight, 
and  nubbins  will  largely  oecupy  space  that  would  otherwise  be  unoccu- 
pied between  the  large  ears. 

Experiment  No.   6,  Corny  Planting  in  Hills  or  Drills. 

Experiment  No.  <?,  Corn,  Frequency  of  Cultivation. 

Experiment  No.  g,  Corn,  Depth  of  Cultivation. 

Experiment  No.  /0,  Corn,  Effect  of  Root-Pruning. 

These  four  experiments  were  dropped  this  year,  in  the  belief  that  the 
work  of  the  previous  five  years  showed  conclusively  (i)  that  it  makes- 
little  difference  whether  corn  is  planted  in  hills  or  drills  so  far  as  yields 
are  concerned,  but  that  it  will  usually  be  best  to  plant  in  hills  for  the 
sake  of  better  cultivation;  (2)  that  there  seems  to  be  no  advantage  in 
cultivating  more  frequently  than  is  necessary  to  destroy  weeds  and  keep 
the  ground  moderately  porous;  (3)  that  shallow  cultivation  has  never 
failed  to  produce  an  increase  in  yield  over  that  of  deep  cultivation,  the 
average  increase  for  five  years  being  5.9  bu.  per  acre;  (4)  that  root-prun- 
ing has  never  failed  to  reduce  the  yield  in  a  marked  degree,  this  reduc- 
tion frequently  amounting  to  25  per  cent. 

Experiment  No.  2j,  Continuous  Corn  Cropping  contrasted  'with  a 
Rotation  of  Crops. 

This  experiment  has  been  continued  as  usual,  and  while  in  general 
the  yields  of  corn  from  the  plat  treated  with  barnyard  manure  have 
been  somewhat  greater  than  those  from  the  plats  in  rotation,  and  con- 
siderably greater  than  from  the  plat  continously  cropped  without  any 
manure,  the  yields  of  1894.  show  an  increase  of  40  per  cent,  in  favor  of 


20 


BULLETIN    NO.    37. 


[  March, 


c 

Stover, 
Ib. 

O  O  O  O  OOO  •* 

c 

Grain, 
bu. 

Is  i  i  i!s' 

_rt 

Crop. 

W   Ut   U 

^  ^  V  V  ~>  ^  ' 

o  «  —  —  —  o  o 
CJOUUOUU, 

(31 

Stover, 
Ib. 

O      ;      -00    N    O  X 

« 

CM  m    -  -<i-          *o 

z 

bu. 

HI  o     •  •«•    •  N  >n 

•d 
a 

B 

3. 

Crop. 

C  C  tn  in  V  C3  C 

t.     k.    ii    H.     •*     H,     U 

O  O  rt  B--  O  O 

OOOOOOU 

a 

•-c 

Stover, 
Ib. 

vn    .  ••)•  o  tj  •*« 

O    •  o  cTioo  tn  cy, 

0 

3 

O 

z 

S 

Grain, 
bu. 

•  VO  00  vn    j  ^-N 

S3 

_o 
"o 

3, 

Crop. 

"^  fl  fl  tn  "^  tn  in 
OOOOOOO 

"rt 

"o 

l- 

<u 

a 

a 

Stover, 
Ib. 

ItltlH 

b 

0 

c" 

Grain, 

.    •  ON  o*     oo  m 

0 

u 

C 
O 

bu. 

:  iSS^S'S, 

0 

a, 

M    HI 

•>">££  2  2  2 

5 

OUOOOOO 

leiu  of, 

* 

Stover, 
Ib. 

ftlilll 

. 

o 

Grain, 

.     .00   ««» 

o 
» 

B 

bu. 

=§.  :  iS'ftftS 

since  i 

3. 

Crop 

U    Hi 

ouuooco 

tation 

* 

Stover. 
Ib. 

5oo  en  M  N  IN  c? 

u 

O 

Grain, 

0    ..      vo  «  « 

- 

" 

bu. 

oo     »    •    |  tx  M-  vn 

ft. 

Crop. 

~  '—  —  —  o  O  B 

OOOOUCJO 

<n 

Stover, 
Ib. 

|KR§II1 

"• 

C  B 

B  a 
c  <B 

s 

Grain, 
bu. 

>n  Tl-COtS   N  vO   M 

s 

C  en  C  C  en  C  en 

O  B  O   O  B  O  B 

UOUUOCJO 

8 

0 

Stover, 
Ib. 

N  '•  ??  <?  2"  §  cT 

Z'S 

Grain, 

en  «  txvo  «  .0  =0 

0) 

u 

S 

bu. 

•*  moo  oo  fn  HI  TI- 

|§|f 

o 
Z 

Stover, 
Ib. 

O      .    O    g   O   N  N 

en   •  N  ts  HI  M  tN 

~ 

g  *j  o.~ 

•£ 

Grain, 

•*  o^  vn  N  rx  enoo 

0,2  "  a 

a. 

bu. 

tn^^.g'^??! 

a 

"E  <»T3  ^ 

H 

Stover, 
Ib. 

O      •  N    •**-  O   N  W 

•**•     •    OS  30    -    g-OQ 

0 

c 

B  b  euS 

>>  2—  rt 

Grain, 
bu. 

J^ilctS 

as«S 

00    O\  O    *-    N    PO  T»- 

00  DO  CO  30  CO  GO  00 

the  rotation  plats.  The  manured  plat 
gave  even  less  than  the  one  without 
manure.  This  can  only  be  explained 
by  the  drought,  which  seemed  to  affect 
the  manured  plat  most. 

Experiment  No.  89,  Corn, 
Cross  fertilization. 

The  ten  most  promising  crosses 
selected  from  1892  and  grown  in  1893 
were  again  grown  in  1894  on  plats  of 
considerable  size  and  at  such  distance 
from  each  other  as  to  prevent  much 
pollen  being  carried  from  one  to  an- 
other. The  diversity  in  the  character 
of  the  plats  was  such  as  to  make  a 
comparison  of  the  yields  unfair.  By 
careful  selection  each  is  approaching 
more  nearly  a  uniform  type. 

These  same  ten  crosses  were  plant- 
ed in  the  variety  test  for  the  sake  of 
comparison  of  yields.  The  accom- 
panying table  gives  the  results  of  six 
of  them,  the  other  four  being  omitted, 
either  because  they  fell  in  the  row  in- 
jured by  bugs,  or  because  one  of  the 
parent  varieties  was  not  grown  with 
which  to  compare  it.  The  first  named 
variety  is  in  each  case  the  female 
parent.  This  table  gives  the  per  cent, 
of  barren  stalks,  number  of  ears,  and 
yield  per  acre  in  bushels  of  air-dry  corn 
for  each  of  the  parent  varieties,  together 
with  their  averages  as  compared  with 
the  cross.  In  four  out  of  the  six  cases 
the  yield  is  greatest  for  the  cross,  the 
average  increase  being  12  bu.  per  acre. 
In  1893  three  out  of  four  cases  gave 
largest  yields  for  the  cross,  the  average 
increase  being  2.3  bu.  per  acre;  and  in 
1892  five  crosses  gave  in  every  case  a 
larger  yield  than  an  average  of  the 
parent  varieties,  the  average  increase 
being  9.5  bu.  per  acre. 


1895.] 


FIELD    EXPERIMENTS    WITH    CORN,    1894. 


21 


Farmers  can  produce  cross-bred  seed  in  considerable  quantities  in 
the  following  manner:  Plant  with  one  variety  in  one  planter  box  and 
another  variety  in  the  other.  Remove  the  tassels  of  one  variety  before 
they  begin  to  shed  pollen  and  the  shoots  of  the  same  will  be  fertilized 
with  pollen  from  the  other  variety,  thus  producing  a  direct  cross.  The 
seed  should  be  selected  from  the  rows  from  which  the  tassels  have  been 
removed. 

RESULTS  FROM  CROSS-BRED  CORN. 


Per  cent. 

Yield  pei 

•  acre. 

Plat  No. 

of     barren 
stalks. 

No.  of 
ears. 

Per 
cent,  air- 
dry  corn. 

Learning          

8880 

62  i 

Av.  4  plats. 

Burr's  white  

14 

IOIOO 

69.7 

12 

Q4QO 

6s  o 

58 

Cross  

4 

ingo 

60.7 

2  * 

Edwards  

6 

QQ2O 

M2 

Av.  4  plats. 

Burr's  white  

14 

IOIOO 

69.7 

10 

IOOIO 

62 

64 

Cross  

28 

8960 

49  5 

2^ 

Edwards  

6 

QQ2O 

SI    3 

77 

Murdock  

7 

II52O 

48.1 

Average  

6 

IO72O 

ci    2 

66 

Cross  

12 

I2O8O 

73 

24 

Learning  

8880 

62.1 

23 

Edwards  

6 

9920 

54-3 

7 

94OO 

58.2 

67 

Cross  

34 

II36O 

60 

17 

Golden  beauty       

8 

6880 

H.6 

24 

Learning  

9 

8880 

62.1 

8 

7880 

46.8 

71 

Cross  

7 

12760 

72.7 

24 

Learning  

9 

8880 

62.1 

17 

Golden  beauty  

8 

6880 

31-6 

27 

Average  

8 

7880 

46.8 

Cross  .  . 

2 

I208O 

87 

Experiment  No.  134,  Corn,  Effect  of  Remaining  Tassels. 

The  corn,  variety  Boone  Co.  white,  used  for  this  experiment, 
consisted  of  twenty-four  rows,  each  five  rods  long.  The  tassels  were 
removed  from  every  alternate  row.  From  six  rows  they  were  removed 
before  they  were  expanded,  and  from  six  after,  but  before  the  pollen 
had  been  shed.  From  eight  they  were  removed  by  cutting,  and  from 
four  by  pulling. 

The  following  table  gives  the  number  of  stalks,  good  ears,  nubbins, 
weight  of  nubbins,  weight  of  good  ears,  and  total  weight  of  ears  for 
each  row. 


22 


BULLETIN    NO.    37. 
TABLE  GIVING  RESULTS  FROM  DETASSELING. 


[ 


Row. 

Number 
of 
stalks. 

Number  of 

Weight  of 

Good 
ears. 

Nub- 
bins. 

Good 
ears. 

Nub- 
bins. 

Total. 

i     Tassels  left  on  

183 
181 
169 
194 
172 
165 
182 
174 
173 
165 
179 
225 
194 
189 

200 
195 
159 
164 
171 
165 
I63 
146 

151 

1  88 

5i 
82 
61 
72 
55 
75 
59 
61 

47 
69 
65 
57 
63 
65 
74 
85 
77 
96 

77 
87 
81 
66 
80 
73 

7i 
76 

65 
69 

74 
66 
89 

74 
70 
63 
54 
83 
57 
7i 
52 
56 
39 
38 
43 
42 
38 
45 
44 
65 

27.8 

47-5 
31-8 
36.8 
31-5 
41-5 
30 
35-8 
27-5 
37-2 
38.5 
3i.8 
27.2 
32 
39-8 
45-5 
44 
57 
45 
49-5 
49-8 
42.2 
50-5 
39-5 

16.5 

20.8 

12.5 
15.2 
17 
17-5 
19 
15.5 
13.2 
15.5 

12.8 

19 
12.5 

<7-5 
12.5 

12.8 
II.  2 

10.8 
10.8 
10.8 

9-2 

12 
9-5 
15 

44-2 
68.2 
44-2 
52 
48.5 
59 
49 
51.2 
40.8 
52.8 
51.2 
50.8 
39-8 

49-5 
52.2 
58.2 
55-2 
67.  & 
55-8 
60.2 
59 
54-2 
60 
54-5 

2                  removed  '.  .  . 

3                  left  on  

4                  removed  

5                  left  on  

6                  removed  

7                  left  on  

8                  removed  

9                  left  on  

10                  removed  

1  1                  left  on  

12                  removed  

1  3                  left  on  

14                  removed  

1  5                  left  on  

1  6                  removed  ... 

17                  left  on  

1  8                  removed  

19                  left  on  

20                  removed  

2  1                  left  on  

22                  removed         

23                  left  on  

24                  removed  

Av.                left  on  

175 
181 

66 
74 

58 
63 

36.9 
41.3 

I3-I 
15-2 

50 
56.5 

'  '                  removed  

pulled                  .... 

169 

184 

85 
69 

55 
66 

48.8 
38 

15 

15 

63.  S 

53 

"                  cut  off   

removed  when  expanded 
"                          "        before       " 

185 
173 

73 
75 

64 
61 

40.6 
42.1 

I5.I 
15-3 

55-7 
57-4 

In  eighteen  out  of  twenty-three  comparisons,  the  yield  of  corn  was 
greater  for  the  rows  having  the  tassels  removed.  For  lassels  pulled  we 
have  an  increase  of  twenty-seven  per  cent.,  and  for  those  cut  only  six 
per  cent.  Removed  before  expanded  gives  an  increase  of  fifteen  per 
cent.,  and  removed  after  expanded,  an  increase  of  eleven  per  cent.  The 
average  increase  is  thirteen  per  cent. 

In  1891,  the  tassels  were  removed  from  every  alternate  one  of 
thirty  rows,  with  the  result  of  only  one  pound  difference  in  the  aggre- 
gate yield  of  ear  corn.  In  1892,  the  tassels  were  removed  from  every 
alternate  one  of  twenty  rows,  and  both  the  number  of  ears  and  yield 
were  slightly  reduced,  the  reduction  being  2.2  per  cent.  In  each  of  the 
last  two  years  mentioned,  the  tassels  were  removed  as  soon  as  they 
appeared,  by  pulling  at  intervals  of  from  two  to  four  days.  These 
results  are  conflicting,  as  are  those  of  several  other  stations  on  this  sub- 
ject. The  meteorological  record  shows  us  that  during  the  period  of 
removing  tassels  in  1894  the  rainfull  was  very  light,  being  less  than 


1895-]  FIELD    EXPERIMENTS    WITH    CORN,    1894.  23 

three-fourths  of  an  inch,  while  for  the  periods  of  detasseling  in  1891 
and  1892  the  rainfall  was  abundant. 

The  results  of  other  stations  are  briefly  as  follows:  At  the  Mary- 
land Station,  when  the  tassels  of  two  out  of  every  three  rows  were 
removed  the  detasseled  rows  gave  a  decrease  in  yield  of  9.7  per  cent. 

At  the  Kansas  Station,  removing  the  tassels  of  alternate  rows  of 
six  varieties  gave  in  every  case  a  reduced  yield,  the  average  reduction 
being  22  per  cent. 

The  Delaware  Station  tried  removing  tassels  on  alternate  rows, 
and  secured  an  increase  in  yield  of  66  per  cent.  Quoting  Delaware: 
"A  poor  stand  had  necessitated  numerous  re-plants;  upon  such  the 
tassels  appeared  later,  and  hence  necessitated  a  daily  revision  of  the 
work  during,  possibly,  one  week.  Numerous  tassels  developed  upon 
very  late  stalks  after  that  time,  and  they  were  allowed  to  remain  undis- 
turbed. Upon  cutting  up  the  corn,  a  separation  was  made."  This  sep- 
aration showed  that  only  two-fifths  of  the  stalks  had  tassels  removed. 
The  yield  of  both  tasseled  and  detasseled  was  calculated  by  assuming 
7,300  stalks  to  an  acre.  This  comparison  is  unfair,  from  the  fact  that 
the  detasseled  stalks  were  the  earlier  ones,  and  consequently  had  the 
better  chance  for  development;  while  all  of  the  late  stalks,  which  are 
usually  inferior,  were  thrown  into  the  part  having  tassels  undisturbed. 

The  Kansas  Station,  by  removing  tassels  on  alternate  rows  as  soon 
as  they  appeared,  found  an  increase  of  fourteen  per  cent.  This  gain 
may  be  due  to  the  fact  that  the  plats  were  only  five  rows  wide,  and  that 
two  of  the  three  rows  having  tassels  removed  were  outside  rows,  thus 
having  a  better  chance  for  development. 

Early  experiments  at  our  Station,  where  a  space  of  one  row  was 
left  between  plats,  showed  that  the  outside  rows  made  larger  yields 
than  the  interior  ones.  The  average  increase  from  outside  rows,  for 
twenty-five  plats,  was  12.3  per  cent. 

In  1890,  Cornell  Station  reported  an  increase  of  fifty  per  cent,  from 
removing  tassels  on  alternate  rows  as  soon  as  they  appeared;  while  in 
1891,  when  tried  on  two  tracts,  there  was  practically  no  difference  in 
yield.  The  results  may  have  been  influenced  by  the  rain,  which  in 

1890  was  very  little  during  the  period  of  removing  the  tassels,  while  in 

1891  it  was  considerable. 

Pollen  and  anthers  collected  show  that  there  would  be  about  6.01 
Ib.  of  nitrogen  in  an  acre,  while  the  theory  that,  if  the  tassels  are 
removed  before  pollen  is  produced,  the  material  ordinarily  used  in  pro- 
ducing anthers  and  pollen  may  be  used  in  producing  more  grain,  is  all 
right;  it  does  not  seem  to  work  out  in  that  way  under  most  circum- 
stances. If  an  increase  in  grain  is  secured  by  detasseling,  it  is  most 
likely  to  be  on  poor  soil  or  in  dry  seasons.  It  seems  that  the  injury 
done  the  plants  may  sometimes  reduce  the  yield. 


24  BULLETIN    NO.    37.  [March,  1895. 

Experiment  No.  163,  Corn,  Listing. 

The  land  used  for  this  experiment  was  in  corn  in  1893  and  was- 
fall  plowed.  The  listing  was  done  by  furrowing  about  four  inches 
deep  and  planting  the  corn  in  the  bottom  of  the  furrow.  Ten  plats 
listed  gave  an  average  yield  of  51.1  bu.,  as  compared  with  55.9  bu.  for 
ten  adjacent  plats  that  were  planted  in  the  ordinary  way. 

F.  D.  GARDNER,  B.  S., 

Assistant  Agriculturist. 


NOTICE. 

The  Station  has  no  seed  corn  for  sale.  The  varieties  here  reported 
can  usually  be  secured  by  addressing  the  person  from  whom  the  Station 
secured  its  seed,  as  reported  on  pages  10-12. 


i    ->-<rf  j/Ok-t.&Ze'  (•    v  M  t  . 


UN  VERSfTY  OF  ILLINOIS-URBAN* 


